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The safety of two attenuated oral rabies vaccines was evaluated in mink and in five species of rodents which occur in the Arctic. A 0.03 ml sample of liquid vaccine was installed directly into the mouth of voles and lemmings and 0.1 ml into the mouth of Arctic ground squirrels and mink. Animals were euthanized at 36 and 46 days postexposure; brain tissue was analyzed by FAT and serum by RFFIT. ...
Aluminium hydroxide adjuvant has an isoelectric point (i.e.p.) of ca 11 and is a good adsorbent for acidic proteins due to the contribution of electrostatic attractive forces. However, electrostatic repulsive forces reduce its ability to adsorb basic proteins. Pretreatment of aluminium hydroxide adjuvant with carefully selected concentrations of phosphate anion reduces the positive surface charge...
The role of the main LPS O antigen in the specificity of protection as mediated by systemic mechanisms following immunization with live attenuated Aro Salmonella vaccines was studied in mice. Innately Salmonella-susceptible (Ity s ) BALB/c mice were immunized intravenously with a single dose of either Salmonella typhimurium SL3261 aroA (LPS O4,5,12) or Salmonella enteritidis Se795AroA (LPS...
The immunogenicity in guinea-pigs of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 in immune stimulating complex (iscom) was compared to that of gp120 adjuvanted with QuilA-matrix (iscom without attached antigen), aluminium hydroxide (alum) and the Ribi adjuvant system. Gp120 was either incorporated into iscoms by covalent conjugation (iscom c ) or by acid treatment of...
To construct an effective recombinant Marek's disease virus type 1 (MDV1), we localized a stable insertion site for expression of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene near or within the short inverted repeats of MDV1 strain K554 DNA. A stable recombinant MDV1 was obtained by deleting the junction region between the short unique sequence (Us) and the internal short inverted repeat (IRs). The recombinant...
The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a booster dose of enhanced potency inactivated polio vaccine (EIPV) were evaluated in 492 healthy 12 year old adolescents. The booster was administered at the same time as the HBV vaccine compulsory in Italy at this age. Blood samples and questionnaires on reactogenicity were collected over 9 months. Analysis of pre-vaccination immunity showed that 97.4%...
Subunit vaccines prepared against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection were evaluated in two trials. First, cats were immunized with bacterial expression products of an envelope fragment that contained the V3 neutralization domain of the FIV surface protein fused to either galactokinase (K-SU3) or glutathione-S-transferase (G-SU3). Quantitative and qualitative differences in the humoral...
Pertussis toxin (Ptx), the major toxin product of Bordetella pertussis, has potent immunologic effects including adjuvant effects on antibody responses and sensitization for anaphylaxis. In order to further define the effect of Ptx on the class and subclass of murine antibody response, we measured total and antigen specific IgG subclasses and IgE in Balb/c mice after primary and secondary immunization...
A live-attenuated dengue 2 vaccine (strain 16681 PDK 53) developed at Mahidol University, Thailand was evaluated for safety and immunogenicity by administering 10 4 p.f.u. subcutaneously to ten flavivirus non-immune American volunteers. The vaccine was safe; there were no serious adverse reactions. Eight recipients experienced no or mild side effects. One recipient reported headaches on...
The purpose of this study was to determine whether in vivo changes in the repertoire of Tcr β chain variable region (Vβ) genes could be detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after immunization of humans with recombinant hepatitis B virus envelope protein (rHBsAg). We measured the percentage of Tcr RNA transcripts carrying each of 20 Vβ genes in human PBMC before and after immunization with...
The US Army successfully developed a live-attenuated Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) vaccine, TC-83, in 1961, and subsequently developed a formalin-inactivated vaccine, C-84, in 1974. Initial evaluation of both vaccines was promising, but no long-term safety and immunogenicity data have been reported. This study is the first analysis of the long-term safety and immunogenicity of TC-83 and C-84...
The epitopic core sequences recognized by three monoclonal antibodies raised to chicken riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) were mapped to the C-terminal tail-end of the protein using the pepscan method. A 21-residue synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 200-219 of the protein and comprising the regions corresponding to the antibodies was synthesized. Administration of polyclonal antibodies specific...
The Brucella abortus B19 vaccine strain differs from other Brucella strains in its sensitivity to erythritol. However, erythritol tolerant (Eri t ) mutants arise from sensitive cultures of B19 at high rate, and may cause persistence and/or abortion when the vaccine is inoculated on adult cattle. Twelve different batches of B19 have been examined for the presence of Eri t mutants....
The Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) is a potent mucosal immunogen, inducing high secretory as well as systemic antibody responses upon oral or intranasal (i.n.) administration. In addition, LT has the capacity to act as an adjuvant in antibody responses against coadministered other antigens. To investigate the role of the individual subunits of LT in the mucosal immunogenicity and...
A recently completed survey of 63 manufacturers of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine and its components in 42 countries shows that there is potentially a large excess installed capacity for DTP production. However, many manufacturers are not producing to capacity, and demand and supply for this vaccine are not matched in individual countries. About half of all countries producing DTP vaccine...
Immunogenicity of inactivated virus or subviral vaccines may be enhanced by complexing with an IgG antibody. Such antibody would increase the uptake, processing and presentation of the vaccine's antigens by antigen presenting cells (APC), via the adhesion of the antibody-vaccine complex to Fc-receptors on macrophages and other APC. A natural antibody in humans, which may be generally exploited for...
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